Ticker: PEAQ Total supply at genesis: 4,200,000,000 Disclaimer: The earlier version of this page wrongfully referred to peaq’s total supply at genesis as its max supply. As the page also provided a breakdown of peaq’s inflation model, which wouldn’t have applied to a token with a capped supply, any confusion results from a simple and unfortunate copywriting error. With this disclaimer, the peaq foundation reaffirms its commitment to transparency and clarity of communication.

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Utility

Utility Like with any other Layer 1 blockchain’s native asset, PEAQ’s primary utility is in enabling the most fundamental interactions on the network: paying transaction fees, producing blocks in a censorship-resistant way via a staking and slashing mechanism, and governing the network. Here is more information on these utilities:

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Transaction fees 

PEAQ is used for transaction fee payment on the peaq blockchain. The amount of PEAQ needed for any particular transaction is calculated based on the weight, length, and other parameters of the transaction. As with other layer-1 blockchain, it is impossible to use the network without PEAQ, as no transactions can be carried out without paying the fee in PEAQ. Just like with dApps on Ethereum, all transactions from DePINs on peaq will require a fee in PEAQ. The millions of machines, vehicles, and sensors across these DePINs are expected to generate billions of transactions.

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Staking

peaq relies on the work of Validators and Delegators for block production. To ensure that blocks are produced in an honest, censorship-resistant and reliable way, peaq has a staking mechanism, which incentivizes honest work from Validators and Delegators. Validators need to provide a staking deposit to run a Validator node to have “skin in the game”. Delegators can delegate their stake to Validators of their choice in order to back them. Only those Validators with enough backing (stake) are able to produce blocks. Thus Delegators actively govern which Validators are producing blocks and can thereby ensure that trusted and well operating Validators are active. If the Validator misbehaves or goes offline, its Delegator stops earning. Thus Delegators need to continuously check Validators’ behavior and manage their stake allocation actively.

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Governance

Holding PEAQ will enable you to gradually guide the network by voting on key decisions via onchain governance concerning its development and future. Initial Post-Launch Period: Community suggestions are gathered via polls, AMAs, and calls. The foundation holds veto power to safeguard stability. Midterm: Governance shifts onchain. PEAQ holders, the Council and the Technical Committee can propose upgrades, parameter changes, or treasury spending. Council decisions can be overturned by the community; the Technical Committee can fast-track urgent or block risky proposals. Longterm: A fully open, advanced onchain governance model enables any PEAQ holder to propose changes and vote transparently onchain. Safeguards promote broad participation and approved proposals are implemented automatically. The community also manages funds via onchain governance.

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Inflation

The inflation rate is initially set at 3.5%, ensuring sufficient incentives for early adopters. However, the inflation rate will decrease annually by 10% and will stabilize once the network reaches 1% inflation, following a disinflationary model. In the future, the community will be able to vote on adjustments to the inflation/deflation model via the network’s governance.

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Allocation at genesis

The table is horizontally scrollable →
Allocation CategorySupply %Distribution AddressAllocation SubcategoryAddress TypeSupply %Token AmountAvailable at TGELock-Up (Months)Release after Lock-UpLinear Vesting (Months)
Investors345Ejz…rbk3Funding (Pre Seed)/7294,000,00011,025,000611,025,00024
Funding (Seed)/5210,000,00013,125,000613,125,00024
Funding (Private)/13546,000,00040,950,000640,950,00018
Funding (Pre Launch Private)/9378,000,00028,350,000628,350,00018
Community215FqM…61NJCommunity (Community Sale)LayerZero contract:0xe410…D8626252,000,00040,950,000006
Community (Get Real Campaign)Foundation managed:0xB22E…0975210,000,0000300
Community (Early Adopters Campaign)Foundation managed:0x1A4e…bf5b2.53106,260,0000300
Community (Initial Community Campaign)Further distribution address:5HbJd…JEP284,000,00084,000,800000
Community (Community Reserve)Foundation managed:0xe0a4…9d8F5.47229,740,0000000
Core Contributors11.55FqVA…DymACore Contributors/11.5483,000,00009036
8.55GEde…sJVYEoT Labs/8.5357,000,00009036
Network Security55F4r…XyyNetwork Security (Security Reserve)Foundation managed:0x355A…19133.4583145,248,6000000
Network Security (Genesis Node Set)Further distribution address:5GGkf…SZMx0.04171,750,1401,750,140000
Network Security (Core Time Lease)/1.563,000,00000024
Ecosystem & Treasury205FWuQ…ExdoEcosystem & Treasury (Market Making & Liquidity)Further distribution address:5GEdz…ANWAF3.75157,500,000157,500,000000
Ecosystem & Treasury (Reserve)Foundation managed:0x4b4c…D4911.18469,560,0000000
Ecosystem & Treasury (Capital Contributions)Foundation managed:0x45AD…33B0.312,600,0000000
Ecosystem & Treasury (Grants)Foundation managed:0x46E9…83C01.7774,291,837.770000
Ecosystem & Treasury (Expansion Reserve)Foundation managed:0x7B38…4553126,000,0000000

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Unlocks

MonthPEAQ UnlockInflation*Locked PEAQUnlocked Supply**% UnlockedTotal Supply
0377,650,94003,822,349,060377,650,9408.99%4,200,000,000
139,900,00012,250,0003,789,799,060422,450,94010.03%4,212,250,000
239,900,00012,250,0003,757,249,060467,250,94011.06%4,224,500,000
375,110,00012,250,0003,689,489,060547,260,94012.92%4,236,750,000
475,110,00012,250,0003,621,729,060627,270,94014.76%4,249,000,000
575,110,00012,250,0003,553,969,060707,280,94016.60%4,261,250,000
673,010,00012,250,0003,488,309,060785,190,94018.37%4,273,500,000
7131,285,00012,250,0003,364,374,060921,375,94021.50%4,285,750,000
8100,455,83312,250,0003,271,268,2261,026,731,77323.89%4,298,000,000
9106,079,16712,250,0003,172,539,0601,137,710,94026.40%4,310,250,000
10106,079,16712,250,0003,073,809,8931,248,690,10728.89%4,322,500,000
11106,079,16712,250,0002,975,080,7261,359,669,27331.37%4,334,750,000
12106,079,16712,250,0002,876,351,5601,470,648,44033.83%4,347,000,000
13106,079,16711,410,8752,777,118,9181,581,291,95736.28%4,358,410,875
14106,079,16711,410,8752,677,886,2761,691,935,47438.72%4,369,821,750
1588,579,16711,410,8752,596,153,6351,785,078,99040.74%4,381,232,625
1688,579,16711,410,8752,514,420,9931,878,222,50742.76%4,392,643,500
1788,579,16711,410,8752,432,688,3511,971,366,02444.76%4,404,054,375
1888,579,16711,410,8752,350,955,7092,064,509,54046.76%4,415,465,250
1988,579,16711,410,8752,269,223,0682,157,653,05748.74%4,426,876,125
2088,579,16711,410,8752,187,490,4262,250,796,57450.71%4,438,287,000
2188,579,16711,410,8752,105,757,7842,343,940,09052.68%4,449,697,875
2288,579,16711,410,8752,024,025,1432,437,083,60754.63%4,461,108,750
2388,579,16711,410,8751,942,292,5012,530,227,12456.57%4,472,519,625
2488,579,16711,410,8751,860,559,8592,623,370,64158.51%4,483,930,500
2585,954,16710,596,2721,780,963,4562,713,563,31660.37%4,494,526,772
2642,320,83310,596,2721,745,000,3852,760,122,65861.27%4,505,123,043
2742,320,83310,596,2721,709,037,3152,806,682,00062.15%4,515,719,315
2842,320,83310,596,2721,673,074,2452,853,241,34263.04%4,526,315,587
2942,320,83310,596,2721,637,111,1752,899,800,68463.92%4,536,911,859
3042,320,83310,596,2721,601,148,1042,946,360,02764.79%4,547,508,131
3142,320,83310,596,2721,565,185,0342,992,919,36965.66%4,558,104,403
3223,333,33310,596,2721,548,209,4643,020,491,21166.11%4,568,700,675
3323,333,33310,596,2721,531,233,8943,048,063,05366.56%4,579,296,947
3423,333,33310,596,2721,514,258,3233,075,634,89567.01%4,589,893,218
3523,333,33310,596,2721,497,282,7533,103,206,73767.45%4,600,489,490
3623,333,33310,596,2721,480,307,1833,130,778,57967.90%4,611,085,762
3723,333,3339,804,3211,462,856,4423,158,033,64168.34%4,620,890,083
3823,333,3339,804,3211,445,405,7013,185,288,70368.79%4,630,694,404
3923,333,3339,804,3211,427,954,9613,212,543,76569.23%4,640,498,725
4023,333,3339,804,3211,410,504,2203,239,798,82669.67%4,650,303,046
4123,333,3339,804,3211,393,053,4793,267,053,88870.11%4,660,107,368
4223,333,3339,804,3211,375,602,7393,294,308,95070.54%4,669,911,689
4323,333,3339,804,3211,358,151,9983,321,564,01270.98%4,679,716,010
4423,333,3339,804,3211,340,701,2573,348,819,07471.41%4,689,520,331
4509,804,3211,346,583,8503,352,740,80271.35%4,699,324,652
4609,804,3211,352,466,4423,356,662,53171.28%4,709,128,973

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Inflation impact on circulating supply

The inflation has the following impact on the circulating supply:
  • 40% of yearly inflation goes into circulation through rewards for Delegators and Validators. This portion directly increases the circulating supply.
  • 60% of yearly inflation goes to the below described treasury buckets, remaining outside of the circulating supply initially.

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Unlocked tokens ≠ tokens in circulation

According to the methodologies of CoinMarketCap and CoinGecko, tokens distributed during a public sale are part of the circulating supply, even if they remain locked. As a result, the 6% CoinList sale allocation are added to the circulating supply as of December 6, 2024. This update increases the circulating supply from 376,976,863 to 624,514,387 PEAQ on that date.

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peaq foundation managed addresses

The following addresses are managed by the peaq foundation and not considered part of the circulating supply:

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Important note: locked tokens can be staked

The vesting and lockup schedule applies only to the initial allocations of the total supply at genesis and does not apply to newly minted tokens generated by inflation. Tokens, regardless of their status (locked, unlocked, or under vesting), are eligible for staking. Users can participate as validators or delegators and stake their tokens. Staking rewards are immediately available and fully unlocked upon receipt.

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Important note: the unlock process may vary slightly

Certain allocations are not locked or vested immediately at genesis. Specifically, unlock schedules related to community and ecosystem growth campaigns are based on projections and cannot be precisely determined at the outset. These unlocks are calculated using estimates and may be subject to adjustments over time.

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Inflation and transaction fee distribution

The PEAQ token follows a disinflationary model, starting with an inflation rate of 3.5%, which decreases by 10% annually until it reaches 1%. Newly minted tokens and transaction fees are allocated to:

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Security

1. Validators and Delegators — 40% - modlpoolStake This pool ensures efficient, reliable, and censorship-resistant block production. All funds are distributed directly to validators and delegators based on the validator’s total stake and those of the delegators. Validators can set custom delegator fees. 2. Security Treasury — 10% - modlpoolCoret Funds in this pool are used to add additional security to peaq, such as the purchase of Coretime, which significantly increases peaq’s security and censorship resistance and provides peaq with the highest Nakamoto Coefficients [decentralization index] in the industry.

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General Treasury

3. General Treasury — 25% - modlpy/trsry The funds of this pool finance the ongoing operations of the ecosystem, supporting further research and development around the network, its core function set, and other key features.

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Native Incentive Pools

4. DePIN Incentive Pool — 20% - modlpoolDPInc & modlpoolDPStk Funds allocated here are dedicated to incentivizing and rewarding the on-chain expansion of DePINs building on peaq, supporting their liquidity across various Machine DeFi protocols, and financing dedicated tooling and infrastructure for their development. 5. Machine Subsidization Pool — 5% - modlpoolSubsi These funds are used to subsidize the onboarding of connected, revenue-generating machines, vehicles, robots, and devices onto peaq as Machine RWAs, and to support their liquidity across various Machine DeFi protocols.

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Initial control of treasury pools

Until on-chain governance is introduced, all Treasury pools are managed by the peaq foundation. The Validators and Stakers pool is not managed by the peaq foundation.

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Updating the distribution

The above distribution presents an initial proposal by the peaq foundation. With future updates, the community will be able to adjust the distribution and usage of funds by voting via on-chain governance mechanisms.